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INTRODUCCIÓN. La incorporación de nuevas tecnologías como la hemodiafiltración en línea, han mejorado parámetros metabólicos/nutricionales en los pacientes que se encontraban en hemodiálisis convencional; en la actualidad no existen datos registrados en la población ecuatoriana que se encuentra sometida a esta clase de tecnologías. OBJETIVO. Comparar la evolución clínico-metabólica de pacientes que estaban en hemodiálisis convencional y cambiaron a hemodiafiltración en línea, determinar si es favorable la migración de la terapia hemodialítica difusiva a convectiva y establecer si el cambio de terapia dialítica ocasionó resultados favorables. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio analítico retrospectivo. Población y muestra de 38 pacientes enfermos renales crónicos en terapia de sustitución renal modalidad hemodiálisis convencional que cambiaron a hemodiafiltración en línea, independientemente del tiempo de diagnóstico y tratamiento en la unidad de hemodiálisis del Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito-Ecuador, durante el periodo marzo 2016 a marzo 2017. RESULTADOS. Los efectos nutricionales y metabólicos pudieron denotar mayor ponderación de resultados favorables en la modalidad de hemodiafiltración. En la estabilidad hemodinámica y la dosis de diálisis se evidenció una leve superioridad en la modalidad de hemodiafiltración en comparación a la Hemodiálisis. En las dosis administradas de Calcio, Hierro, Eritropoyetina y Calcitriol no existieron diferencias significativas entre las dos modalidades de tratamientos. CONCLUSIÓN. El cambio de modalidad de Hemodiálisis convencional a Hemodiafiltración en línea fue favorable, y mejoró los parámetros clínicos/metabólicos de los pacientes que requieren terapia de sustitución renal.
INTRODUCTION. The incorporation of new technologies such as online haemodiafiltration have improved metabolic/nutritional parameters in patients who were on conventional haemodialysis; At present, there are no registered data on the Ecuadorian population that is subjected to this kind of technology. OBJECTIVE. To compare the clinical-metabolic evolution of patients who were on conventional hemodialysis and changed to online hemodiafiltration, to determine if the migration from diffusive to convective hemodialysis therapy is favorable and to establish if the change in dialysis therapy caused favorable results. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Retrospective analytical study. Population and sample of 38 patients with chronic kidney disease in conventional hemodialysis modality renal replacement therapy who changed to online hemodiafiltration, regardless of the time of diagnosis and treatment in the hemodialysis unit of the Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín, Quito-Ecuador, during the period March 2016 to March 2017. RESULTS. The nutritional and metabolic effects could denote a greater weighting of favorable results in the hemodiafiltration modality. In hemodynamic stability and dialysis dose, a slight superiority was evidenced in the hemodiafiltration modality compared to hemodialysis. In the administered doses of Calcium, Iron, Erythropoietin and Calcitriol there were no significant differences between the two treatment modalities. CONCLUSION. The change of modality from conventional hemodialysis to online hemodiafiltration was favorable, and improved the clinical/metabolic parameters of patients requiring renal replacement therapy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ultrafiltration , Renal Dialysis , Hemodiafiltration , Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy , Hemodialysis Units, Hospital , Kidney DiseasesABSTRACT
@#The global prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is between 11 to 13%. Renal replacement therapies (RRT) – which include dialysis and renal transplantation – consume a significant portion of a country’s health resources even though only 0.1% of all CKD patients are at stage 5, also known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The aim of this review was to compare the magnitude of the economic burden of ESRD on national healthcare systems of selected countries with high prevalence of ESRD including Malaysia. The quantity of interest in this review were total ESRD expenditures and its proportions to the national health systems' expenditure. It was identified that total ESRD expenditure contributes between 0.91% to 7.1% of national health system expenditure in countries selected for this review. In Malaysia, the public sector - through its various agencies at the federal and state levels, accounted for almost 70% of dialysis funding; the remaining 30% came from the private sector and out-of-pocket payments. The ESRD expenditures in Malaysia constitutes 4.2% of total health expenditure by the public sector, relatively high compared to other countries. This review will summarise findings of the currently available economic evaluations of RRT in Malaysia. Based on available evidence, estimated weighted cost of treating ESRD patient in Malaysia is MYR39,346 per patient per year (USD26,648, PPP 2016).
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Introdução: A doença renal afeta 850 milhões de pessoas no mundo e é uma das principais contribuintes para a carga global de doenças não transmissíveis (DNT). Projeta-se que até 2040 seja a quinta causa de anos de vida perdidos. Objetivo: Avaliar onde (geograficamente) e como estão sendo feitos os estudos de custo em terapia dialítica no mundo. Material e métodos: Foi realizada nos dias 26/06/2017, 10/07/2017 e 30/09/2018 uma busca com os unitermos "cost and cost analysis", "health expenditures" and "peritoneal dialysis", os mesmos unitermos e "renal dialysis" nas bases Pubmed, Scielo e EmBase e foram encontrados 1796 artigos, destes foram selecionados 124. Acrescentou-se análise no Google Acadêmico. Ao final, analisou-se 125 artigos. Os critérios de inclusão dos artigos foram terem como escopo do estudo o custo, utilizando metodologias diversas como custo, custo total, custo efetividade, custo utilidade, custo benefício, custo minimização, gasto, impacto econômico. A perspectiva poderia ser do pagador e do prestador de serviço. Resultados: Observou-se um maior número de publicações a partir do ano 2000. Com relação ao desenho dos estudos, a maioria apresentou metodologia de difícil reprodutibilidade, utilizando conceitos variados e métodos diversos. Há uma grande variabilidade do custo entre os países e até mesmo entre os centros de diálise. Em linhas gerais, em países de alta renda, a DPAC (diálise peritoneal ambulatorial contínua) e a DPA (diálise peritoneal automatizada) apresentam menor custo quando comparadas à HD (hemodiálise). No Brasil a maioria dos estudos mostra HD apresentando menor custo que DPAC e DPA. Os desenhos são diversos e mostram, em geral, a perspectiva do pagador. Conclusão: Estudos de custos são recentes na literatura, incluem métodos diversos e a descrição dos resultados não é padronizada. Esperamos progredir para uma discussão da saúde baseada em valor.
Introduction: Kidney disease affects 850 million people worldwide and is a major contributor to the global burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). By 2040 it is projected to be the fifth cause of lost years of life. Objective:The aim of this review is to evaluate where (geographically) and how cost studies on dialysis therapy are being done in the world. Material and methods: A search was carried out on 06/26/2017, 07/10/2017 and 09/30/2018 with the keywords "cost and cost analysis", "health expenditures" and "peritoneal dialysis". The same keywords and "renal dialysis" in Pubmed, Scielo and EmBase databases and 1796 articles were found, of which 124 were selected. We added analysis in academic google. At the end we analyzed 125 articles. The inclusion criteria of the articles were the scope of the study cost, using various methodologies such as cost, total cost, cost effectiveness, cost utility, cost benefit, cost minimization, expense, economic impact. The perspective could be from the payer and the service provider. Results:We observed a greater number of publications from the year 2000. Regarding the design of the studies, most presented a difficult to reproduce methodology with different concepts and different method. There were great variability across countries and even between dialysis centers. Overall, in high-income countries, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) are less expensive than HD (hemodialysis). In Brazil most studies show HD presenting lower cost than CAPD and APD. Conclusion: Cost studies are recent in the literature, include several methods and the description of the results is not standardized. The designs are diverse and generally show the perspective of the payer. We hope to progress to a value-based health discussion.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Therapeutics , Renal Dialysis , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Health Expenditures , Costs and Cost Analysis , Life Expectancy , Systematic Review , Kidney Diseases , Peritoneal DialysisABSTRACT
Introducción: El trastorno del metabolismo óseo y mineral constituye una grave complicación de la insuficiencia renal crónica. Respecto al fósforo, las nuevas Guías KDIGO sugieren disminuir la hiperfosfatemia, sin recomendar un valor determinado. Sin embargo, en Argentina se utiliza como indicador de calidad dialítica (IndCalDial) un valor de fósforo igual o inferior a 5 mg/dL. Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si dicho objetivo es actualmente válido como IndCalDial. Material y métodos: Estudio multicéntrico, de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, con más de 90 días en hemodiálisis. Se tabularon datos demográficos y de laboratorio, comparándose normofosfatémicos contra hiperfosfatémicos. Según el método, en 3 centros el límite superior de referencia fue 4.5 mg/dL y en cuatro 5.6 mg/dL, éstos últimos se analizaron como grupo separado F 5.6. Resultados: Se incluyeron 333 pacientes. Edad, sexo, porcentaje FAV, diabéticos, tiempo en diálisis, Kt/V, Hemoglobina y Albumina, fueron semejantes a los datos del registro. La mediana de fosfatemia fue 5.2 mg/dL, (rango: 2.3 a 10.6). Los pacientes hiperfosfatémicos presentaron menor edad, menos tiempo en diálisis y cifras mayores de hemoglobina y Albumina. En el grupo F 5.6 (n = 203), según KDIGO sólo el 33.7 % necesitaría tratamiento. De aplicarse el IndCalDial (fósforo menor a 5 mg/dL), el porcentaje sería de 55%, es decir, un 21.3% de pacientes normofosfatémicos deberían ser tratados. Conclusiones: Debería estandarizarse la determinación de fosfatemia, previo a utilizar un valor fijo como IndCalDial.
Introduction: Bone and mineral metabolism disorder is a serious complication of Chronic Kidney Disease. Concerning phosphorus, the new KDIGO Guidelines suggest a reduction of hyperphosphatemia, but they do not recommend a specific value. However, in Argentina, a phosphorus value of 5 mg/dL or less is used as a dialysis quality indicator (DiaQualInd). Our objective was to evaluate whether this goal is currently valid as a DiaQualInd. Methods: A multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients older than 18 were included, with more than 90 days undergoing hemodialysis. Demographic and laboratory data were tabulated, comparing normophosphatemic with hyperphosphatemic values. According to this method, in 3 centers the upper reference limit was 4.5 mg/dL and in 4 centers it was 5.6 mg/dL. The latter were analyzed as a separate group (F 5.6). Results: There were 333 patients included in this study. Age, sex, AVF percentage, diabetes, time on dialysis, Kt/V, hemoglobin and albumin were similar to the registry data. The median phosphatemia was 5.2 mg/dL, (range: 2.3 to 10.6). The hyperphosphatemic patients were the youngest, spent less time on dialysis and showed higher hemoglobin and albumin values. In group F 5.6 (n = 203), according to KDIGO only 33.7% would need treatment. If this DiaQualInd were to be applied (phosphorus lower than 5 mg/dL), the percentage would be 55%, that is, 21.3% of normophosphatemic patients should be treated. Conclusions: Phosphatemia determination should be standardized before using a fixed value such as DiaQualInd
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El hiperparatiroidismo secundario es uno de los principales problemas que afectan al paciente con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia del hiperparatiroidismo secundario y el tiempo aproximado de diálisis transcurrido hasta el momento de su diagnóstico. Material y método: Estudio prospectivo, transversal, realizado en el hospital Luis Vernaza desde septiembre a diciembre de 2003, con un total de 48 pacientes atendidos en el área de Nefrología. Para el Diagnóstico de hiperparatiroidismo secundario se determinó en sangre niveles de calcio, fósforo, fosfatasa alcalina y hormona paratiroidea. Se procedió a diagnosticar con hiperparatiroidismo a aquellos que presentaron niveles de PTH >250pg/ml. Resultados: La prevalencia de hiperparatiroidismo secundario en diálisis es de un 46, específicamente de un 45 para los pacientes sometidos a Hemodiálisis y de un 46 para los pacientes sometidos a diálisis peritoneal. Solo en un 5 (n=1) se evidenció un probable riesgo de calcifilaxia. El Tiempo de diálisis promedio de los pacientes con Hiperparatiroidismo secundario es de 3,38 años para los pacientes sometidos a Hemodiálisis y de un 2,05 años para los pacientes sometidos a DPCA. Conclusión: Todos los pacientes sometidos a Diálisis están en igual riesgo de desarrollar hiperparatiroidismo secundario. Los pacientes en Hemodiálisis no tienen un mayor riesgo de desarrollar Hiperparatiroidismo secundario que aquellos que están sometidos a DPCA. La prevalencia de hiperparatiroidismo secundario fue igual en ambos sexos. Los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis manejan niveles más altos de PTH.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the most common problems that affect patients with chronic renal failure. Objectives: Determine the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism and determine the time that exists between the last dialysis and being diagnosed with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Method and materials: It is a prospective, transversal study done at Luis Vernaza Hospital during the period of September to December 2003 with a total of 48 patients that were treated at the Nefrology department. To diagnose Secondary hyperparathyroidism we determined serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline fosfatase and parathyroid hormone. Patients that had a level of parathyroid hormone of >250pg/ml was diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism. Results: The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism in dialysis is 46. Patients undergoing hemodialysis the prevalence was of 45 and 46 for patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The amount of time that the patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism have been undergoing hemodialysis is approximately of 3.83 years. Conclusions: All of the patients in dialysis have the same risk to develop secondary hyperparathyroidism. Patients undergoing hemodialysis do not have a higher risk of developing secondary hyperparathyroidism. The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism was the same in both sexes. The patients that underwent hemodialysis had a higher PTH.